What type of sampling provides a known probability for each element in the population to be selected?

The selection of a simple random sample is appropriate because it guarantees that every individual in the population has an equal chance of being chosen. This method is fundamental in research and statistics as it allows for unbiased representation of the population, which is crucial when generalizing results. The known probability of selection is key because it enables researchers to apply statistical techniques and infer reliable conclusions about the entire population based on the sample data.

In contrast, nonprobability samples do not give each member of the population an equal chance of being selected, which can introduce bias and limit the validity of the findings. Judgmental samples rely on the researcher’s discretion to select individuals based on certain characteristics, lacking the randomness needed for equal probability. Systematic sampling, while structured, does not ensure that every individual has an equal chance if the population list has some underlying order that could influence selection. Thus, simple random sampling stands out for its fairness and statistical robustness.